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Everyone has a several “adresses”, which help to find us among a freat diversity of people all over the world. For example, a phone number – several numbers in a strict sequence, which differ one user from others. When phones just appeared the numbers were really short and allow to communicate just with your neighbors. Now the phone system has become huge and international, thats why cellular numbers have become longer and more complex in comparison with the first one. By the way, cell phone numbers is often used for another devices, like fax machines or computers.
CCITT was the first organization, which created the formal list of telephone country codes, it was the serious part of CCITT Blue Book, printed in 1964 first time. The CCITT Blue Book also includes international recommendations in phone and other communicatins area. Now it become a famous ITU-T recommendation E.164. The oldest system of country phone codes appeared in Europe - CCITT Red Book, it was codificated in early 1960. Some codes was accepted in a CCITT Blue Book too and remain in use up to nowdays. For example, 33 is a France code and 44 is the United Kingdom one.
Everybody knows small cards, resemble to a usual credit or discount cards, for telephone services paying. There are two types of such cards: cards with the prepaid balance or with the credit card system. Usually payment system and the way of using card for communication depends on the country and service provider. Now the most popular systems work with the prepaid calling cards, the cost of these cards depends on the balance. After calling a sum is taken from the balance. Sometimes the balance is counted in national money or specific points, equal to money. When your balance is over you just buy new card, some cards can be refilled, but the most of them are disposable. Now many phone communications companies offer a card with the printed PIN-code for a charging calls to one account. Nowdays there two different technologies for a telephone cards: stored-value and remote memory.
VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) is a protocol optimized for the transmission of voice through the Internet or other packet switched networks. VoIP is often used abstractly to refer to the actual transmission of voice (rather than the protocol implementing it). VoIP Phone Service is also known as IP Telephony, Internet telephony, Broadband telephony, Broadband Phone and Voice over Broadband.
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