Phone Cards电话卡
Everybody knows small cards, resemble to a usual credit or discount cards, for telephone services paying. 大家都知道，小卡，类似于一个惯常的信用卡或折扣卡，电话服务支付。 There are two types of such cards: cards with the prepaid balance or with the credit card system. 有两种类型的，例如卡：卡与预付余额，或与信用卡系统。 Usually payment system and the way of using card for communication depends on the country and service provider. 通常支付系统和方式，使用信用卡的沟通依赖于国家和服务提供商。 Now the most popular systems work with the prepaid cards, the cost of these cards depends on the balance. 现在最流行的系统的工作与预付电话卡，成本，这些卡的依赖于平衡。 After calling a sum is taken from the balance. 之后，要求一笔是采取从平衡。 Sometimes the balance is counted in national money or specific points, equal to money. 有时平衡是算在国家的金钱或特定的点，等于金钱。 When your balance is over you just buy new card, some cards can be refilled, but the most of them are disposable. 当您的余额超过您刚刚购买新卡，有些卡可以重新装填，但他们大多是用完即弃。 Now many phone communications companies offer a card with the printed PIN-code for a charging calls to one account. 现在很多电话通讯公司提供的一张牌与印刷的密码为收费电话，以一个帐户。 Nowdays there two different technologies for a telephone cards: stored-value and remote memory. nowdays有两种不同的技术，为电话卡：储值和远程的记忆。
Stored-value cards 储值卡
Stored-value cards are carrier of balance by itself. 储值卡是承运人的平衡本身。 You just insert the card into the card reader of telephone, and it read the balance like teller machine at a bank do it. 你刚才插入卡插入读卡机，电话，并宣读了平衡，像柜员机，在一间银行这样做。 There are several ways to programm the value into the card, they differs in technology and encoding sophistication. 有几种方法可以将程序的价值纳入卡，他们在不同的技术和编码的复杂性。 The first technology is based on magnetic stripe like the saurse of information for the card reader. 第一是技术的基础上磁条一样， saurse信息的读卡机。 It was invented in 这是在发明
On the other hand such cards are easily hackable, thats why they were withdrawn from prodaction and selling in the most countries. 在另一方面，这种卡很容易hackable ，这就是他们为何会被撤回，从prodaction和销售，在大多数国家。 Now they stay popular enough in Japan and some other regions. 现在，他们留在流行的足够在日本和其他一些地区。 The third method is a chip cards with a small initial microchip inside. 第三种方法是晶片卡，与一个小的初步芯片内。 The large output of such cards started in France, where they were used by France Telecom since 1986. 大输出这种卡开始在法国，在那里他们用法国电信自1986年以来。 All Europe followed France in early 1990, like Ireland and Great Britain in 1994. 所有欧洲其次是法国在20世纪90年代初，像爱尔兰和英国是在1994年。 Originally chip cards were easily hackable: you could just scrape the programming-voltage contact, and the reader became unable to deduct money from the card after calling. 原本晶片卡，容易被hackable ：你可以只刮编程电压的接触，和读者，成为无法扣除的钱从卡后，呼吁。 But producers have find a lot of ways to protect cards, and now there are a lot of secure technologies for protection cards from illegal usage. 但生产者找到了很多方法来保护卡，现在有很多的安全技术保障卡由非法使用。
Remote memory systems 远程存储系统
In the cards with the remote memory system the balance is not on the card, it’s just symbolized. 在八达通卡与远程记忆体系统的平衡，是不是就卡，这只是象征。 This technology uses the method of toll or toll-free access number to connect with database and check the bakance. 这种技术使用的方法的收费或免费接入号码连接数据库，并勾选bakance 。 You buy card with the sequence of numbers, dial the sequence and the number of endpoint after it. 你买卡的顺序号码，拨号顺序和数目的端点后。 Such card appeared in the United States, and there are some reasons for it. 这种卡的出现在美国，有一些原因。 At first the US never has a centrilized national phone system or even domination phone provider in a state. 在第一，美国永远不会有一个centrilized全国电话系统，甚至统治电话提供商在一个国家。 All local companies never has a reason or way to work according to the world, that became a cause for a great divercity and independence. 所有本地公司从来没有一个理由，或在上班途中根据世界，成为一个事业，为一个伟大divercity和独立性。 Usual cards sliding into a machine wasn’t popular because of fear, that machines could be destructed by vandalists. 通常卡滑动到一台机器是不是受欢迎，因为恐惧，机器可以毁灭由vandalists 。 The first card with the remote memory was produced in 第一卡与远程记忆产生的
Main advantge of remote memory cards in comparison with stored-value one is no need in special card reader. 主要advantge偏远的记忆卡，在比较与储值，一个是没有必要在特殊的读卡器。 You can use any telephone with tone-mode, thats why such cards are much more accessible and cheaper. 您可以使用任何电话与音频模式，这就是为什么这种卡更方便，更便宜。 So remote memory cards spreaded very fast. 因此，远程存储卡的蔓延非常快。 Of course, they are not so comfortable in use becuse of a long number to dial. 当然，他们不那么舒适，在使用becuse一个长期的要拨打的号码。 If you want to call with the remote memory cards you have to dial the number of provider, key number and a special secret code, which usually consists of seven and more numbers. 如果您想要请与远程记忆卡，你要拨号的人数提供商，关键的数目和一个特别的秘密代码，通常的7和更多号码。 After dialing the secret code your phone connects to the database, the automatic responding machine announce your remaining time and you can call through the base. 后拨号的秘密代码您的手机连接到数据库，自动响应机宣布你余下的时间和您可以调用通过基地。
The main point is that such cards are the text information, just sequence of numbers, so it is easy to by such card through the Internet, getting all information by e-mail. 主要的一点是，这种卡是文本信息，只需数列，所以这是很容易由这种卡通过互联网，获得的所有资料，通过电子邮件。 Now many virtual on-line shops offer cards via electronic connections. 现在有很多虚拟于网上商店提供卡通过电子连接。 Nowdays you can buy remote memory phone cards in almost every country in stores or retail chains, they are released by many companies all over the world. nowdays ，您可以购买远程记忆电话卡在几乎每一个国家在商店或零售连锁店，他们所发表的许多公司遍布世界各地。 There are a lot of types of remote memory phone cards for calling to certain countries or just abroad, to another regions or popular city, capital etc. Sone of them has specific features like speed dial with a short number, dialing without a PIN-code or rechargeability. 有很多类型的远端记忆电话卡拨打某些国家或刚在国外，到另一个地区或流行的城市，资本等曾根，他们有特定的功能，如快速拨号与短号码，拨号没有一个密码或可充。 Many cards has different connection fees, when you pay not only for conversation time, bur for connection too, come cards with such fees has a fixed taxes for time calling in every region. 许多卡有不同的接驳费，当你的薪酬不仅通话时间，柏迪连接太，来卡等收费有一个固定税的时间，要求在每一个地区。 So it’s easy to find the card cheap and fruitful for your own needs. 因此，可以很容易地找出该卡的廉价和富有成果的为您自己的需要。
Many providers offer calling accounts, and this service become more cheap and convinient for customers every day. 许多供应商提供电话帐户，这项服务变得更加廉价和便于为客户的每一天。 Great competition in this sector make companies reduce costs and invent a lot of new profits for users. 伟大的竞争，在这个部门，使公司降低成本，并发明了许多新的利润为用户。 Thankc the Internet accounts are available in electronic form and may be purchased via e-mail. thankc网际网路帐户都是以电子形式提供，并可能会购买通过电子邮件。 Usually the letter contain the PIN-code for the account and instructions how to use it. 通常的信中包含的密码，为的帐户，并指示如何使用它。 Every company has a support service for customers. 每家公司有一个支持服务为客户。
But there is another point of increasing attractiveness of phone cards for consumers. 但还有一点，增加吸引力，电话卡的消费者。 The card is carrier and many companies place on them advertising, portraits of different celebrities, maps and pictures, pictures and so on. 该卡是运营商和许多公司的地方，对他们的广告，肖像，不同的名人，地图和照片，图片等。 All these methods make cards not only a piece of plastic but the object to collect, and many people use collecting it like a hobby. 所有这些方法，使卡不仅是一块塑料，但对象，以收集，和很多人使用，收集它，如同嗜好。 It’s as an old money, absolutely useless but beauteful and collectible. 它的作为一个老的钱 ， 绝对没有用处，但beauteful和收藏品。 The last point is very importent and many companies issue hole series of cards. 最后一点是非常importent和许多公司的问题，孔一系列的卡。 This occupation is called “fusilately” and collectors are known as a “fusilatelist” in Great Britain. 这种占领是所谓的“ fusilately ”和收藏者是被称为“ fusilatelist ”在伟大的英国。 Americans call them “telegery”. 美国人称之为“ telegery ” 。 The interest in collecting phone cards appeared in the mid 1970s and reached it’ peak in the early 1990s. 利益在收集电话卡的出现在20世纪70年代中期，并达成了它的高峰在20世纪90年代初。 Now more than 2 million people regard collecting phone card as a hobby. 现在， 200多万人方面收集电话卡作为业余爱好。
In the Internet you can find a dozens web-sites devoted to the collecting with a millions cards from different countries. 在互联网上可以找到几十个网站专门收集与数百万卡来自不同的国家。 Every card has a personal story. 每卡有一个人的故事。 Several years the hobby decrease in some countries because telecom companies suspended issuing phone cards. 几年来，爱好，减少在一些国家，因为电信公司暂停发行电话卡。 Another interesting point: the metaphor of telephone stored-value card was used in Europe during accepting and legitimation Euro and other homologations. 另一个有趣的一点：隐喻的电话储值卡被使用在欧洲期间，接受和合法性欧元和其他homologations 。 That helps to attract people and get public agreement and loyality. 有利于吸引人才，并得到公众的协议和loyality 。 The authorities refer to experience in using phone stored-value cards in traveling to explane advantages of common currency terms. 当局指的经验，在使用电话储值卡在前往explane的优势，共同货币的条件。